Text types and their features (literary and non-literary) practice questions.

A manifesto is best defined as a text that

• objectively reports a company's quarterly financial results and figures to its shareholders
• publicly declares the beliefs, aims and intended actions of a person or group
• reviews a new restaurant
• gives safety instructions

Answer: publicly declares the beliefs, aims and intended actions of a person or group

Manifestos are assertive and forward-looking, using bold declarative statements to announce principles and demand change.

A charity appeal letter often opens with an individual's story rather than statistics because

• stories are legally required in letters
• a single, relatable case creates emotional connection and empathy more powerfully than numbers alone
• statistics and hard figures are strictly forbidden by law in all charity fundraising letters and appeals
• it makes the letter longer

Answer: a single, relatable case creates emotional connection and empathy more powerfully than numbers alone

The 'identifiable victim' effect: one named person's plight moves donors more than large, abstract figures.

A film poster is designed above all to

• set out the film's entire plot in detailed scene-by-scene order from beginning to end
• attract a target audience and establish genre, tone and star appeal at a glance
• provide the shooting schedule
• review the film critically

Answer: attract a target audience and establish genre, tone and star appeal at a glance

Posters are marketing texts: imagery, colour, taglines and star billing signal genre and lure the intended viewer.

The primary purpose of an op-ed column in a newspaper is to

• report current events neutrally and objectively
• argue a personal viewpoint persuasively
• summarise other articles
• entertain with fiction

Answer: argue a personal viewpoint persuasively

Op-eds ('opposite the editorial page') present an individual's argued opinion – expect rhetorical appeals, stance markers and direct address.

A personal travel blog primarily aims to

• provide neutral statistical data
• share subjective experience and recommendations
• publish legally binding terms, conditions and disclaimers
• report breaking news impartially

Answer: share subjective experience and recommendations

Travel blogs foreground a personal voice, anecdote and evaluation – look for first-person narration, sensory description and reader address.

Which is a conventional feature of a formal letter?

• casual emoji, slang and text-speak abbreviations
• a sender's address and a formal salutation
• hashtags and @mentions
• a clickbait headline

Answer: a sender's address and a formal salutation

Formal letters follow a fixed layout: addresses, date, salutation ('Dear...'), structured body and a formal sign-off ('Yours sincerely').