HL Regional Options (Paper 3, choose 1 region; study 3 of 18 sections) practice questions.

HL Europe: The Reichstag Fire of February 1933 was used by the Nazis to:

• Suspend civil liberties
• Declare war on France
• Introduce universal suffrage
• Dissolve the SS

Answer: Suspend civil liberties

After the Reichstag Fire on 27 February 1933, the Nazis blamed communists and persuaded Hindenburg to issue the Reichstag Fire Decree, suspending civil liberties and enabling mass arrests of political opponents.

HL Asia: The 1919 May Fourth Movement in China was a reaction to:

• Versailles handing Shandong to Japan
• The founding of the People's Republic of China
• The Boxer Rebellion
• The Marshall Plan

Answer: Versailles handing Shandong to Japan

The May Fourth Movement of 1919 was a student-led protest sparked by the Versailles decision to transfer former German concessions in Shandong to Japan. It fuelled Chinese nationalism and new intellectual and political movements.

Determine which conference of 1884-1885 established rules for the European partition of Africa, formalising the 'Scramble for Africa'.

• The Congress of Vienna
• The Berlin Conference
• The Bandung Conference
• The Casablanca Conference

Answer: The Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference (1884-1885) set principles such as 'effective occupation' for claiming African territory; the other conferences relate to different eras and contexts.

Identify the Egyptian leader who nationalised the Suez Canal Company in 1956, triggering an invasion by Britain, France and Israel.

• Anwar Sadat
• Gamal Abdel Nasser
• Muhammad Ali
• Hosni Mubarak of Egypt

Answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal in 1956; the ensuing Suez Crisis ended in a diplomatic defeat for Britain and France under US and Soviet pressure.

Determine which country became independent in 1957 as the first sub-Saharan African colony to gain independence, under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah.

• Kenya
• Nigeria
• Ghana
• Tanzania

Answer: Ghana

Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) gained independence in 1957 under Kwame Nkrumah, becoming a symbol and catalyst for the wider African decolonisation movement.

Identify the Algerian nationalist organisation that led the war of independence against France between 1954 and 1962.

• The FLN (National Liberation Front)
• The ANC (African National Congress)
• The Muslim Brotherhood
• The Wafd Party

Answer: The FLN (National Liberation Front)

The FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) led the Algerian War of Independence, which ended with the Evian Accords and Algerian independence in 1962.