109 exam-style questions on Thematic Study 3: Peace and conflict with answers and explanations. Six real samples below — the full set is free with an account.
Johan Galtung's term for violence built into unjust social structures, such as poverty or discrimination, is what?
Answer: Structural violence
Structural violence harms people indirectly through unequal institutions; direct violence is a visible physical act.
Galtung's 'cultural violence' refers to what?
Answer: Culture used to justify direct or structural violence
Cultural violence (religion, ideology, language, art) makes direct and structural violence appear acceptable or normal.
A conflict fought between two or more sovereign states is classified as what type?
Answer: Interstate conflict
Interstate conflict is between states; intrastate conflict occurs within a single state, such as a civil war.
An approach to justice that focuses on repairing harm and reconciling victims, offenders and the community is called what?
Answer: Restorative justice
Restorative justice emphasises healing and dialogue; retributive justice focuses on punishing offenders proportionately.
The use or threat of violence against civilians to create fear and achieve political aims is generally defined as what?
Answer: Terrorism
Terrorism deliberately targets civilians for political ends; its definition is contested ('one person's terrorist...').
A system in which states commit to a joint response against aggression by any state, including one of their own members, is called what?
Answer: Collective security
Collective security is inclusive: all members pledge to act together against any aggressor, as under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. It differs from collective defence, where an alliance such as NATO treats an attack on one member by an outsider as an attack on all.
That was 6 of 109 Thematic Study 3: Peace and conflict questions.
Practise all 109 freeDistinguishAO2 · 3–8 marks
Make the difference clear for BOTH terms — a definition of one of them is only half an answer.
StateAO1 · 1–3 marks
One word or one short sentence. No explanation, no working: the mark is for the fact itself.
DefineAO1 · 1–3 marks
Give the precise meaning — one sentence, the key terms in it, no example needed unless asked.
109 Thematic Study 3: Peace and conflict questions — free with an account. Spaced repetition, streaks and full exam simulations included.
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